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	<title>Fire and Knowledge &#187; History</title>
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	<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org</link>
	<description>A web site by Joshua Sowin that addresses culture, books, technology, ecology, religion, and other topics.</description>
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		<title>How to Be a Time Traveler</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/12/01/how-to-be-a-time-traveler/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/12/01/how-to-be-a-time-traveler/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Dec 2010 18:18:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/?p=2533</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I love this idea: 1) Get yourself some extremely authentic period clothing. Between 1920&#8242;s and 1950&#8242;s should work. Match haircut to outfit. 2) Familiarize yourself with appropriate, out of date slang, accents, voice cadence. Authenticity will be key, so don&#8217;t force it. A few weeks of practice should do. 3) Finding the right spot (crucial!) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/sandy_leidholdt/3977183977/"><img src="http://www.fireandknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/time-traveler-190x194.jpg" alt="" title="time-traveler" width="190" height="194" class="alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-2535" /></a>I love <a href="http://www.reddit.com/comments/edw3c/youre_a_time_traveler_not_an_asshole/">this idea</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>1) Get yourself some extremely authentic period clothing. Between 1920&#8242;s and 1950&#8242;s should work. Match haircut to outfit.</p>
<p>2) Familiarize yourself with appropriate, out of date slang, accents, voice cadence. Authenticity will be key, so don&#8217;t force it. A few weeks of practice should do.</p>
<p>3) Finding the right spot (crucial!) This will not work in a strip mall. You should find an out of the way place (e.g. a field, surrounded by woods,) but close enough to civilization so as not to back yourself into a corner. There should be some very light foot traffic, such as is found in a neighborhood park or local fishing hole.</p>
<p>4) This next part will take some elbow grease. Your goal is to burn a perfect circle into the earth. This will be achieved not with fire, but with corrosive chemicals. I&#8217;m guessing that industrial weed-killer, a layer of charcoal dust, and dry ice spread out sparingly will do the trick. Note: Bottom of pantlegs should be pre-burned at home, but left almost entirely intact.</p>
<p>5) Now you&#8217;re ready for your moment in the sun. You should be standing at least 30 feet from the circle. It is important that the passerby &#8216;discover&#8217; the slightly smoking circle on their own. As the person/people approach, you say nothing, but implore for help through your eyes. Too much desperation will scare them off, while a &#8216;cool as a cucumber&#8217; act will destroy all you hope to achieve. Your goal here should be &#8216;contained panic.&#8217;</p>
<p>6) Now is the time to speak, &#8220;Please&#8230;excu..please! What day is today?&#8221; Regardless of their answer, back away just a hair and let your eyes go a bit wider. &#8220;Um,&#8230;&#8221; now swallow, &#8220;Um,..the year (quietly)&#8230; what year is it?&#8221; The person/people will in all probability smile at such a question and perhaps exhibit signs of being prepared to walk away. This must not happen. Do not break eye-contact. If anything, choose this moment to lean back in slightly. Nailing your expression at this moment is what this entire thing has been about. Get this right and you&#8217;re golden. &#8220;&#8230;please&#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>7) At this point, they should tell you the current year. Upon hearing their response, pause a full three beats. Whether you go with a look of light-headedness and shock or something a little more Mona Lisa smile, is up to you. Personally, I think it depends on the number of passers-by. Only one, and you might want to go the overwhelmed, &#8216;accepting of your situation&#8217; route, but with a larger audience, you should probably continue with the fish out of water act.Either way, you must get out of there immediately after that third beat. Do a quick, clumsy 180-degree gaze around you and begin walking in a random direction. Important: Do give some sort of reflexive half-wave of goodbye/thanks- you&#8217;re a time-traveler, not an asshole.</p>
<p><strong>tl;dr &#8211; Dress up like an old timey-person, burn a circle in the ground and pretend you&#8217;re a time traveler.</strong></p></blockquote>
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		<title>Kubrick Directs The Beatles in Lord of the Rings?</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/11/09/kubrick-directs-the-beatles-in-lord-of-the-rings/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/11/09/kubrick-directs-the-beatles-in-lord-of-the-rings/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2010 10:00:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Movies]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/?p=2421</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Can you imagine this? I wish it would have happened just for the entertainment factor: According to Peter Jackson, who knows a little something about making Lord of the Rings movies, John Lennon was the Beatle most keen on LOTR back in the &#8217;60s &#8212; and he wanted to play Gollum, while Paul McCartney would [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://blastr.com/2010/11/little-known-sci-fi-facts.php">Can you imagine this</a>? I wish it would have happened just for the entertainment factor:</p>
<blockquote><p>According to Peter Jackson, who knows a little something about making Lord of the Rings movies, John Lennon was the Beatle most keen on LOTR back in the &#8217;60s &#8212; and he wanted to play Gollum, while Paul McCartney would play Frodo, Ringo Starr would take on Sam and George Harrison would beard it up for Gandalf. And he approached a pre-2001 Stanley Kubrick to direct.</p></blockquote>
<p>(<a href="http://kottke.org/10/11/kubrick-directs-the-beatles-in-lord-of-the-rings">via</a>)</p>
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		<title>Epic 200 Year Old Prank</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/10/24/epic-200-year-old-rank/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/10/24/epic-200-year-old-rank/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 24 Oct 2010 16:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Humor and Satire]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/?p=2294</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Berners Street Hoax: On 27 November [of 1810], at five o’clock in the morning, a sweep arrived to sweep the chimneys of 54 Berners Street, the home of Mrs Tottenham. The maid who answered the door informed him that no sweep had been requested, and that his services were not required, and the disappointed tradesman [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berners_Street_Hoax">The Berners Street Hoax</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>On 27 November [of 1810], at five o’clock in the morning, a sweep arrived to sweep the chimneys of 54 Berners Street, the home of Mrs Tottenham. The maid who answered the door informed him that no sweep had been requested, and that his services were not required, and the disappointed tradesman went on his way. A few moments later another sweep presented himself at the door, then another, and another, 12 in all. After the last of the sweeps had been sent away, a fleet of carts carrying large deliveries of coal began to arrive, followed by a series of cakemakers delivering large wedding cakes, then doctors, lawyers, vicars and priests summoned to minister to someone in the house they had been told was dying. Fishmongers, shoemakers, and over a dozen pianos were among the next to appear, along with &#8220;six stout men bearing an organ&#8221;. Dignitaries, including the <a title="Governor of the Bank of England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England">Governor of the Bank of England</a>, the <a title="Duke of York" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_York">Duke of York</a>, the <a title="Archbishop of Canterbury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> and the <a title="Lord Mayor of the City of London" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a> also arrived. The narrow streets soon became severely congested with disgruntled tradesmen and onlookers. Deliveries and visits continued until the early evening, bringing a large part of London to a standstill.</p>
<p>Hook had made a gentleman&#8217;s wager with his friend <a title="Samuel Beazley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beazley">Samuel Beazley</a> that he could transform any house in London into the most talked-about address in a week. To achieve his goal he had sent out 4,000 letters purporting to be Mrs Tottenham, requesting deliveries, visitors, and assistance. Hook had stationed himself in the house directly opposite 54 Berners Street, and he and his friend had spent an amusing day watching the chaos unfold.</p></blockquote>
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		<title>The Great Truth?</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/06/30/the-great-truth/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2010/06/30/the-great-truth/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 2010 11:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quotes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Race]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/?p=2100</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A haunting quote: Our new government is founded upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man. —Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A haunting quote:</p>
<blockquote><p>Our new government is founded upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man.</p></blockquote>
<p>—Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America</p>
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		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
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		<title>Communism was a great system (Friedman)</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/11/06/communism-was-a-great-system-friedman/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/11/06/communism-was-a-great-system-friedman/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Nov 2008 16:10:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quotes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/11/06/communism-was-a-great-system-friedman/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Communism was a great system for making people equally poor. —Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat (2005), p. 49.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Communism was a great system for making people equally poor.</p></blockquote>
<p>—Thomas Friedman, <em><a href="http://amazon.com/o/ASIN/0312425074/fireandknowle-20/ref=nosim/">The World is Flat</a></em> (2005), p. 49.</p>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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		<title>German inflation in the 1920s (Sowell)</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/06/25/german-inflation-in-the-1920s-sowell/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/06/25/german-inflation-in-the-1920s-sowell/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2008 12:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quotes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/06/25/german-inflation-in-the-1920s-sowell/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Perhaps the most famous inflation of the twentieth century occurred in Germany during the 1920s, when 40 marks were worth one dollar in July 1920 but it took more than 4 trillion marks to be worth one dollar by November 1923. People discovered that their life’s savings were not enough to buy a pack of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Perhaps the most famous inflation of the twentieth century occurred in Germany during the 1920s, when 40 marks were worth one dollar in July 1920 but it took more than 4 trillion marks to be worth one dollar by November 1923. People discovered that their life’s savings were not enough to buy a pack of cigarettes.</p>
<p>The German government had, in effect, stolen virtually everything they owned by the simple process of keeping more than 1,700 printing presses running day and night, printing money. Some have blamed the economic chaos and bitter disillusionment of this era for setting the stage of the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.</p></blockquote>
<p>—Thomas Sowell, <em><a href="http://amazon.com/o/ASIN/0465002609/fireandknowle-20/ref=nosim/">Basic Economics</a></em> (3rd Edition, Basic Books, 2007), p. 350.</p>
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		<title>91% tax rate</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/23/91-tax-rate/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/23/91-tax-rate/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 14:13:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/23/91-tax-rate/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I learned recently that in 1951 – 1963, the top tax bracket was 91% (and 92% for two years)! That means every $1.00 over $400,000 was reduced to $.09! So an additional $200,000 of income over $400,000 would be reduced to a measly $18,000. It seems like that would be a very big incentive not [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I learned recently that in 1951 – 1963, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States#History_of_progressivity_in_federal_income_tax">the top tax bracket was 91%</a> (and 92% for two years)! That means every $1.00 over $400,000 was reduced to $.09!</p>
<p>So an additional $200,000 of income over $400,000 would be reduced to a measly $18,000.</p>
<p>It seems like that would be a very big incentive not to make money.</p>
<p><em>Update</em>: As Les points out in the comments, this was a marginal tax bracket, so only the income over a certain level was taxed at that rate. I&#8217;ve changed the post to reflect this.</p>
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		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
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		<title>Imperial history map</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/13/imperial-history-map/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/13/imperial-history-map/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2008 13:22:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/13/imperial-history-map/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here&#8217;s an animated map of imperial history in the Middle East:]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here&#8217;s an animated map of imperial history in the Middle East:</p>
<p><object width="500" height="333"><param name="movie" value="http://www.mapsofwar.com/images/EMPIRE17.swf"></param><embed src="http://www.mapsofwar.com/images/EMPIRE17.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="500" height="333"></embed></object></p>
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		<title>Are we in the worst of political times? (Obama)</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/13/are-we-in-the-worst-of-political-times-obama/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/13/are-we-in-the-worst-of-political-times-obama/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2008 12:39:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quotes]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/05/13/are-we-in-the-worst-poltical-times-obama/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I like Obama&#8217;s balance and perspective here. When Democrats rush up to me at events and insist that we live in the worst of political times, that a creeping fascism is closing its grip around our throats, I may mention the internment of Japanese Americans under FDR, the Alien and Sedition Acts under John Adams, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>I like Obama&#8217;s balance and perspective here.</em></p>
<blockquote><p>When Democrats rush up to me at events and insist that we live in the worst of political times, that a creeping fascism is closing its grip around our throats, I may mention the internment of Japanese Americans under FDR, the Alien and Sedition Acts under John Adams, or a hundred years of lynching under several dozen administrations as having been possibly worse, and suggest we all take a deep breath.</p></blockquote>
<p>—Barack Obama, <em><a href="http://amazon.com/o/ASIN/0307237699/fireandknowle-20/ref=nosim/">The Audacity of Hope</a></em> (2006), p. 21</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
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		<title>Torturing defenseless crackers (Harris)</title>
		<link>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/03/25/torturing-defenseless-crackers-harris/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/03/25/torturing-defenseless-crackers-harris/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2008 13:05:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Josh Sowin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Fundamentalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quotes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Religion]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fireandknowledge.org/archives/2008/03/25/torturing-defenseless-crackers-harris/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The doctrine of transubstantiation was formally established in 1215 at the Fourth Lateran Council (the same one that sanctioned the use of torture by inquisitors and prohibited Jews from owning land or embarking on civil or military careers)…. After this incredible dogma had been established, by mere reiteration, to the satisfaction of everyone, Christians began [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>The doctrine of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transubstantiation">transubstantiation</a> was formally established in 1215 at the Fourth Lateran Council (the same one that sanctioned the use of torture by inquisitors and prohibited Jews from owning land or embarking on civil or military careers)…. After this incredible dogma had been established, by mere reiteration, to the satisfaction of everyone, Christians began to worry that these living wafers might be subjected to all manner of mistreatment, and even physical torture, at the ends of heretics of Jews. (One might wonder why <em>eating</em> the body of Jesus would be any less of a torment to him.) Could there be any doubt that the Jews would seek to harm the Son of God again, knowing that his body was now readily accessible in the form of defenseless crackers? Historical accounts suggest that as many as three thousand Jews were murdered in response to a <em>single</em> allegation of this imaginary crime.</p></blockquote>
<p>—Sam Harris, <em><a href="http://amazon.com/o/ASIN/0393327655/fireandknowle-20/ref=nosim/">The End of Faith</a>: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason</em> (W. W. Norton, 2004), pp. 99-100.</p>
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